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Seminar Title
中國崛起與中美互動關係解析:貿易和平與權力轉移理論
Year
107
Semester
1
Meeting Start Date
2018-11-10
Seminar Name
中國崛起與中美互動關係解析:貿易和平與權力轉移理論
Seminar Name Other
All Author
林偉修
The Unit Of The Conference
Publisher
Meeting Name
台灣政治學年會
Meeting Place
淡江大學蘭陽校區
Summary
權力轉移理論和貿易和平理論對於中國崛起的現象提出截然不同的解析。權力轉移理論認為,中國崛起改變了國際權力結構,當中國與現今霸權美國之間的差距越來越小,在中國亟欲挑戰美國霸權之際,雙方發生軍事衝突甚至戰爭的可能將是無可避免。不過,貿易和平理論認為基於機會成本的考量,中美之間盤根錯節的經貿關係使得兩國都不願意以戰爭作為解決衝突的方式,因此,中美之間戰爭的可能性微乎其微。 比較權力轉移理論和貿易和平理論之後發現,無論何者對中美關係的詮釋都因為理論本身的假設過於簡略而顯得不完全,忽略了分析中美關係的關鍵因素。權力轉移理論忽略國家間經濟關係並且假定國家經濟成長是內生成長,忽略貿易對國家經濟成長的貢獻;貿易和平理論則輕忽了貿易多面向的本質以及國際結構因素對貿易行為的影響,國際政治經濟學的理論已經證實貿易行為會因國際結構因素而有不同的涵義以及結果。本文嘗試將這兩個看似南轅北轍的邏輯相互補充對方在推論上不足之處並提出貿易-權力轉移理論(trade-power transition theory)。本文認為,國際貿易在近代成為國家經濟成長主要的動能,權力轉移理論下兩種不同的國際結構,也就是霸權國與挑戰國的權力差距變大以及霸權國與挑戰國的權力差距變小,霸權國會以不同的態度看待與挑戰國之間的貿易關係。當權力差距變大時,霸權國將貿易視為國家權力的來源,就如同Hirschman(1980)所認為的貿易依賴關係(dependence relationship)可以成為大國影響小國的權力基礎。因此,霸權國會推動與挑戰國之間的貿易,以期透過貿易獲得控制挑戰國的能力。不過,當權力差距被拉近,霸權國會強調貿易所帶來的安全外部性(security externality)問題,根據Gowa(1994)的觀點,國家可能會利用貿易所得提升軍事權力,而對非聯盟國家或對手國造成安全上的壓力。因此,霸權國會減少與挑戰國之間的貿易往來數量,降低挑戰國的貿易所得以確保自身安全。這樣的關係能否落實在政策面端視國家間的經濟關係,也就是霸權國與挑戰國之間的貿易互動關係。本文將之分為三種貿易互動關係,也就是貿易相互獨立、貿易相互依賴、貿易依賴關係(挑戰國依賴霸權國以及霸權國依賴挑戰國)。透過國際結構因素和貿易互動關係,本文建構出2×3的分析架構,並利用這個分析架構說明中美關係的發展,包括兩國貿易關係的進展以及雙方以戰爭作為解決衝突的可能性。
Keyword
美中關係;戰爭;貿易和平;權力轉移
Use Lang
Chinese
Level
,Other
Nature Of The Meeting
國際
On-campus Seminar Location
蘭陽校園
Seminar Time
20181110~20181111
Corresponding Author
林偉修
Country
中華民國
Open Call for Papers
Publication style
Provenance